Sonochemical synthesis

Imidazoles have always manifested fascinating biological properties and many of these molecules have been individually elaborated to pharmaceuticals. They represent one of two major classes of antifungal azole derivatives: the imidazole group has contributed significantly to the therapy of both superficial and systemic mycotic infections. Azaheterocycles constitute a very important class of compounds. In particular, pyrimidine derivatives include a large number of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. While development of important methodologies for the synthesis of pyrimidines enjoys a rich history, the discovery of new strategies for the convergent synthesis of pyrimidines remains a vibrant area of chemical research. Azetidin, -azetin, 2-azetin and azete are the nitrogen analogues of cyclobutane, cyclobutene and cyclobutadiene respectively. To overcome the β-lactam resistance there are several ideas; to develop new class of antibiotics unsusceptible to the resistant mechanisms, alter the structure of the β- lactams, rendering them insensitive to hydrolysis, use of hybrid drugs which can kill bacteria.