Hands on Research Design in Social Sciences

This book is dedicated to my wife Doreen Mweene Musengule and my daughter Bupe Mweene. And great thanks goes to my friends; Chileshe Mulenga, Edward Sikweya, Dr. Jason Mwanza, Dr. Richard Silumbe, Adams Siapema, Mathan Thangaraj, and my Brother Joseph Mponda and the wife Mary Mponda Banda. I also extend this opportunities to congratulate my Daddy Godfrey Mweeene to have a scholar in the family , and not forgetting my sisters; Gladys, Mildred and Brendah. What exactly is ‘knowledge’? What makes certain kinds of knowledge scientific compared to other kinds of knowledge? The predominant understanding of the concept of ‘science’ has for a long time been the notion of an activity steadily accumulating general and objective knowledge of its object, that is existence and reality, by means of systematic and neutral empirical observations.