Libya's Desalination Performance: - Challenges and Opportunities

Solution of the Water Shortage Problem (WSP) by utilization of positive (wealth)-negative (deficiency) resources theory using opportunities-challenges availability with regard to Engineering-Technology, Energy-Economic, and Environment-Society Studies is experienced with Libya's desalination performance history.Also, LIBYA'S desalination future: -challenges and opportunities is evaluated. These principles where then applied on the performance experience history of the general desalination company for two periods:- (1) 2007-2010 and (2)2011-2013, where cost was evaluated with respect to operational parameters. This analysis has led to the applications of competitive distillation and membrane desalination technologies that resulted in adopting • MSF, Multi Stage Flash for large infrastructures capacities • RO, Reverse Osmosis for most economical uses • RO/MSF Hybrid that combined the advantages of both of them. This is in accord to Libyan desalination past history, even though the current working desalination plants in Libya are of Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) type. MED was adopted due to - Lower capacities - Lower energies, pressures,temperatures which means - Lower costs